半个世纪以来,尤其是近20年来,肿瘤学的基础和临床研究取得了巨大进展.肿瘤分子生物学研究从基因和分子水平阐明肿瘤的发生发展规律,揭示了肿瘤细胞与正常细胞之间的差异,认识到大多数肿瘤是体细胞突变导致后天获得的遗传性疾病,对癌症本质是一种遗传性疾病(cancer is a genetic disease)的认识已渗入到临床肿瘤学的各个方面,在肿瘤的分类、诊断和治疗中许多观念发生了重大变化.

1 Genetic disease Genetic disease is one of the top classes of human diseases.Several thousand types of human genetic diseases have been identified.Most of the family may contain genetic disorders,and at least 10 percent of all adults contain genetic defects (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/228874/human-geneticdisease) [1].In China,over 1 million new born babies have genetic birth deficiency annually (http://www.dcmst.org.cn/bencandy.php? fid =14&id =273 ).While the individuals with genetic diseases passed away before reaching the reproduction age will eliminate the diseases from the human population,the individuals reaching the reproduction age will transmit the diseases to the new generation,therefore,the diseases will remain in the human population.China has the largest human population in the world and Shandong is one of the most populated provinces in China.In the foreseeable future,most of the genetic diseases will not be curable.