研究设计调查专家意见、反馈及共识。目的描述国际脊髓损伤(SCI)脊柱干预及手术操作基础数据集的开发及其中包含的变量。设置国际工作组。方法成立专家委员会以选择及确定数据项目。将数据集送至相关的委员会及组织征求意见。考虑所有的建议后，国际脊髓协会及美国脊柱损伤协会认可了最终版本。结果数据集包括9个变量：①干预/操作的日期及开始时间；②非手术卧床休息及外固定；③脊柱闭合性干预，手法治疗和/或脊柱复位；④手术流程—入路；⑤干预完成或手术结束的日期及时间；⑥手术流程—切开复位；⑦手术流程—对神经的直接减压；⑧手术流程—固定及融合—节段数量；⑨手术流程—固定及融合—节段水平。所有变量均用数字或字符进行编码。本文中各项脊柱干预及操作均得以编码(变量1~7)，各脊柱节段水平亦得以描述(变量8~9)。应用临床病例举例说明如何完成该数据集。结论开发国际脊髓损伤脊柱干预及手术操作基础数据集的目的为便于各研究、中心及国家之间对脊柱干预及手术操作进行比较。

"围手术期护理用语库"(Perioperative nursing data set,PNDS)是围手术期规范化护理用语的总集合,其设立目的是为围手术期的护理记录提供示范框架, 为围手术期的护理实践和护理教育提供通用的标准化语言, 帮助护士测量和评价护理目标, 同时为围手术期护理和研究提供标准和基础资料[1].

Brain structure and cognitive function change in the temporal lobe, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex of patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease, and brain network-connection strength, network efficiency, and nodal attributes are abnormal. However, existing research has only analyzed the differences between these patients and normal controls. In this study, we constructed brain networks using resting-state functional MRI data that was extracted from four populations mal controls, patients with early mild cognitive impairment, patients with late mild cognitive impairment, and patients with Alzheimer’s disease) using the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data set. The aim was to analyze the characteristics of resting-state functional neural networks, and to observe mild cognitive impairment at different stages before the transformation to Alzheimer’s disease. Results showed that as cognitive deficits increased across the four groups, the shortest path in the rest-ing-state functional network gradual y increased, while clustering coefficients gradual y decreased. This evidence indicates that dementia is associated with a decline of brain network efficiency. In tion, the changes in functional networks revealed the progressive deterioration of network function across brain regions from healthy elderly adults to those with mild cognitive impairment and Alzhei-mer’s disease. The alterations of node attributes in brain regions may reflect the cognitive functions in brain regions, and we speculate that early impairments in memory, hearing, and language function can eventual y lead to diffuse brain injury and other cognitive impairments.

电阻率成像中最关键的问题就是获得雅可比偏导数矩阵.本文从二维微分方程的积分解出发推导了一种新的电阻率成像的雅可比偏导数矩阵,同时形成了成像方程.用内外迭代相结合的高斯塞德儿迭代方法解成像方程可以得到电阻率的分布图像.数值模拟结果表明该方法是有效和可靠的,尤其值得注意的是积分法电阻率成像方法初始模型可以采用均匀模型,减小了对初始模型的依赖.对用其它方法难以获得好的成像结果的单一高阻体,积分法也得到了较好的成像结果.河南商丘某野外资料结果表明,成像结果和实际地质情况吻合较好.